Prof. P.H.O. (Patty) Leijten
Professor
Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences
Programme group: Forensic Child and Youth Care
Visiting address
- Nieuwe Achtergracht 129
Postal address
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Postbus 15776
1001 NG Amsterdam
Contact details
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Research
I study how parents raise children under challenging circumstances. How do parents manage to stay calm and under stress and avoid overprotection in the face of uncertainty? I translate my findings to policy and practice initiatives to cultivate resilient parenting and a safe environment in which children can flourish. Current research projects include PARENTALHOPE (ERC funded) and various projects on building blocks for effective parenting support initiatives (NWO Vidi and ZonMw supported).
I received my MA (2009) from Radboud University Nijmegen and my PhD (2014) from Utrecht University. Before taking up a chair in Forensic Child and Youth Care, I worked as a Postdoctoral researcher at the Universities of Oxford and Amsterdam and as an Assistant (2017-2021) and Associate (2022-2026) professor at the University of Amsterdam.
Selected publications
- Leijten, P., & Jansen, L. M. C. (2026). Society and child mental health shape each other. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.
- Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G.J., Backhaus, S., Gardner, F., et al. (2026). Have parenting programs for disruptive child behavior become less effective? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 67, 127–137.
- Leijten, P., Weisz, J. R., & Gardner, F. (2021). Research strategies to discern active psychological therapy components: A scoping review. Clinical Psychological Science, 9, 307-322.
- Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Eradus, M., & Overbeek, G. (2022). Specificity of parenting program component effects: Relational, behavioral, and cognitive approaches to children’s conduct problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 61, 458−460.
- Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Gardner, F., Van Aar, J., Schulz, S., & Overbeek, G. (2018). Are relationship enhancement and behavior management the “Golden Couple” for reducing disruptive child behavior? Two meta-analyses. Child Development, 89, 1970-1982.
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Publications
- refereed (94)
- academic (6)
- professional (8)
- conference contributions (15)
- recognitions (10)
- supervised theses (3)
- doctoral thesis (1)
- datasets (2)
2026
- Kok, S. I., Fetz, L. M., Stikkelbroek, Y. A. J., Leijten, P., Staaks, J., & Maric, M. (2026). A Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Single-Case Research on Interventions for Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children and Adolescents. JAACAP Open, 4(2), 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaacop.2025.12.002
- Leijten, P., & Jansen, L. M. C. (2026). Editorial: Society and child mental health shape each other. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 67(6), 801-803. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70157
- Leijten, P., & Mansur, L. (2026). Early Intervention for Externalizing Disorders in Children. In Encyclopedia of Psychotherapy (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 128-135). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-29009-1.00028-7
Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Backhaus, S., Gardner, F., Groenman, A. P., Dekkers, T. J., van den Hoofdakker, B. J., Laas Sigurðardóttir, L. B., Liu, D., Luman, M., Mansur, L., Nieterau, M., van der Oord, S., Overbeek, G., Psyllou, C., Rienks, K., Schulz, S., & Weisz, J. R. (2026). Have parenting programs for disruptive child behavior become less effective? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 67(1), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70049 [details]- Nieterau, M., Overbeek, G., Lunkenheimer, E., van den Akker, A., & Leijten, P. (2026). Does parental warmth protect children against parental harshness? An experience sampling study of disruptive child behavior. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1093/chidev/aacag135
- Psyllou, C., Deserno, M. K., Leijten, P., van der Oord, S., van den Hoofdakker, B. J., Dekkers, T. J., PAINT-IPDMA Collaborators, Luman, M., & Groenman, A. P. (2026). Study Preregistration: Do Parenting Programs Change Interrelations Among Child Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional-Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder Characteristics? Individual Participant Data Network Analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2026.05.009
- Rienks, K., Salemink, E., & Leijten, P. (2026). Targeting Parental Risk Factors for Children's Anxiety: A Factorial Randomized Trial with Three Intervention Components. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2026.10.001
- Rienks, K., Salemink, E., Laas Sigurðardóttir, L. B., Mendelez-Torres, G. J., Staaks, J., & Leijten, P. (2026). Ouders ondersteunen om angst bij kinderen te verminderen: Een meta-analyse van interventies en effectieve componenten. Gedragstherapie, 59(1), 34-55. https://doi.org/10.5553/TG/016774542026059001003
- Sellars, E., Oliver, B. R., Leijten, P., & Bowes, L. (2026). Trajectories of psychosocial functioning across maltreatment levels: A group-based modeling approach to resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 38(2), 794-806. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579425100758
2025
- Canário, A. C., Pinto, R., Silva-Martins, M., Rienks, K., Akik, B. K., Modić Stanke, K., David, O., Kızıltepe, R., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Thongseiratch, T., & Leijten, P. (2025). Online parenting programs for children's behavioral and emotional problems: a network meta-analysis. Prevention Science, 26(4), 592–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-024-01735-1 [details]
- Jansen, L. M. C., & Leijten, P. (2025). Each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way† – a call for clearer conceptualization of adverse family factors in biosocial research on child and adolescent mental health problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 66(6), 771-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14174
- Laas Sigurðardóttir, L. B., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Backhaus, S., Gardner, F., Scott, S., European Parenting Program Research Consortium, & Leijten, P. (2025). Individual participant data meta-analysis: Individual differences in mediators of parenting program effects on disruptive behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 64(5), 564-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2024.10.003 [details]
- Nieterau, M., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Overbeek, G., Shaw, D. S., & Leijten, P. (2025). Daily parental responses to disruptive child behavior: A multilevel latent profile analysis. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-025-01856-w
- Pinto, R., Canário, C., Leijten, P., Rodrigo, M. J., & Cruz, O. (2025). Families’ involvement with the child protection system in Portugal: A one-year follow-up study on case closure after receiving an evidence-based parenting program. Children and Youth Services Review, 176, Article 108417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108417 [details]
- Psyllou, C., Luman, M., van den Hoofdakker, B. J., Van der Oord, S., Aghebati, A., Boyer, B., Buitelaar, J., Chronis-Tuscano, A., Daley, D., Dekkers, T. J., DuPaul, G. J., Fabiano, G. A., Ferrin, M., Franke, N., Tsahor, N. G., Harvey, E., Hennig, T., Herbert, S., Hoekstra, P. J., ... Groenman, A. P. (2025). Research Review: Mechanisms of change and between-family differences in parenting interventions for children with ADHD - an individual participant data meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66(9), 13104-1319. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14120
- Rienks, K., Salemink, E., Sigurðardóttir, L. B. L., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Staaks, J. P. C., & Leijten, P. (2025). Supporting parents to reduce children's anxiety: A meta-analysis of interventions and their theoretical components. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 185, Article 104692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2025.104692 [details]
- Sellars, E., Bowes, L., Oliver, B. R., Gardner, F., Hutchings, J., McGilloway, S., Melendez-Torres, G. J., & Leijten, P. (2025). Effects of the Incredible Years parenting program on sibling conduct problems: A latent transition analysis. JCPP Advances, 5(4), Article e70006. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.70006
- Weeland, J., de Haan, A., Scott, S., Seabra-Santos, M. J., Webster-Stratton, C., McGilloway, S., Matthys, W., Gaspar, M. F., Williams, M. E., Mørch, W. T., Axberg, U., Raaijmakers, M., & Leijten, P. (2025). Exploring family profiles in explaining heterogeneity in parenting program engagement and effectiveness. Journal of Family Psychology, 39(2), 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001275 [details]
2024
- Creasey, N., Leijten, P., Overbeek, G., & Tollenaar, M. S. (2024). Incredible years parenting program buffers prospective association between parent-reported harsh parenting and epigenetic age deceleration in children with externalizing behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 165, Article 107043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107043 [details]
- Creasey, N., Leijten, P., Tollenaar, M. S., Boks, M. P., & Overbeek, G. (2024). DNA methylation variation after a parenting program for child conduct problems: Findings from a randomized controlled trial. Child Development, 95(5), 1462-1477. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14090 [details]
- Eradus, M., Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Foo, X. Q., & Oliver, B. R. (2024). Parental differential warmth, hostility, and sibling differences in internalizing and externalizing behavior problems: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 38(3), 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001194 [details]
- Laas Sigurðardóttir, L. B., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Backhaus, S., Gardner, F., Scott, S., European Parenting Program Research Consortium, & Leijten, P. (2024). Study preregistration: Individual participant data meta-analysis: individual differences in mediators of parenting program effects on disruptive behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 63(4), 464-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.11.005 [details]
- Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Hoffenaar, P. J., & van den Akker, A. L. (2024). Parenting and disruptive child behavior: A daily diary study during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Psychology, 38(2), 282–295. https://doi.org/10.1037/FAM0001187 [details]
- Leijten, P., Rienks, K., Groenman, A. P., Anand, M., Kömürcü Akik, B., David, O., Kızıltepe, R., Thongseiratch, T., & Canário, A. C. (2024). Online parenting support: Meta-analyses of non-inferiority and additional value to in-person support. Children and Youth Services Review, 159, Article 107497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107497 [details]
- Mathijs, L., Van Petegem, S., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Backhaus, S., Gardner, F., & Leijten, P. (2024). Group-based versus individual parenting programs: A meta-analysis of effects on parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 38(8), 1109-1118. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001273 [details]
- Melendez-Torres, G. J., Leijten, P., Scott, S., Gardner, F., Axford, N., Seabra Santos, M. J., Menting, A., Hutchings, J., & Berry, V. (2024). Disruptive child behavior severity and parenting program session attendance: Individual participant data meta-analysis. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 92(10), 692-697. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000893 [details]
- Pećnik, N., Nieterau, M., Špaček, M., & Leijten, P. (2024). Benefits of the growing up together online parenting program for families in social services in Croatia. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 33(2), 554-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02770-2 [details]
- Pinto, R., Canário, C., Leijten, P., Rodrigo, M. J., & Cruz, O. (2024). Implementation of parenting programs in real-world community settings: A scoping review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 27(1), 74-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-023-00465-0 [details]
- Rienks, K., Salemink, E., & Leijten, P. (2024). Study preregistration: targeting parental risk factors for children's anxiety: a factorial experiment with three intervention components. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 63(7), 745-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2024.01.013 [details]
- Sellars, E., Bowes, L., Oliver, B. R., Gardner, F., Axberg, U., Berry, V., Seabra-Santos, M. J., Hutchings, J., McGilloway, S., Menting, A. T. A., Overbeek, G., Scott, S., & Leijten, P. (2024). Effects of the Incredible Years parenting program on children’s interpersonal conflict: An integrative data analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 38(6), 847-857. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001236 [details]
- Uluköylü, Ş., Leijten, P., & Assink, M. (2024). Changing or acknowledging cognitions: A meta-analysis of reducing depression in adolescence. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 32(3), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/10634266231154209 [details]
- Van den akker, A., Leijten, P., Hoffenaar, P., & Gardner, F. (2024). Using daily diary assessments to better understand the role of parental consistency in the development of externalizing child behavior. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 52(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01073-w [details]
- van Dijk, A., AlMoghrabi, N., & Leijten, P. (2024). One research question, two meta-analyses, three conclusions: Commentary on “A systematic review with meta-analysis of Cognitive Bias Modification interventions for anger and aggression”. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 173, Article 104475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104475 [details]
- van Doornik, R. S., van der Oord, S., Luijckx, J., Groenman, A. P., Leijten, P., Luman, M., Hoekstra, P. J., van den Hoofdakker, B. J., & Dekkers, T. J. (2024). The short- and longer-term efects of brief behavioral parent training versus care as usual in children with behavioral difculties: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 24, Article 203. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05649-8 [details]
- van der Stouwe, T., Leijten, P., Asscher, J. J., Dekovic, M., & van der Put, C. E. (2024). Adding structured components to home visitation to reduce mothers’ risk for child maltreatment: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Family Violence, 39(3), 483-496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-023-00509-7 [details]
2023
- Backhaus, S., Leijten, P., Jochim, J., Melendez-Torres, G. J., & Gardner, F. (2023). Effects over time of parenting interventions to reduce physical and emotional violence against children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 60, Article 102003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102003 [details]
- Backhaus, S., Leijten, P., Meinck, F., & Gardner, F. (2023). Different instrument, same content? A systematic comparison of child maltreatment and harsh parenting instruments. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(5), 3546-3563. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221134290 [details]
- Berry, V., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Axford, N., Axberg, U., Orobio de Castro, B., Gardner, F., Gaspar, M. F., Handegård, B. H., Hutchings, J., Menting, A., McGilloway, S., Scott, S., & Leijten, P. (2023). Does social and economic disadvantage predict lower engagement with parenting interventions? An integrative analysis using individual participant data. Prevention Science, 24(8), 1447–1458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01404-1 [details]
- Doffer, D. P. A., Dekkers, T. J., Hornstra, R., van der Oord, S., Luman, M., Leijten, P., Hoekstra, P. J., van den Hoofdakker, B. J., & Groenman, A. P. (2023). Sustained improvements by behavioural parent training for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review of longer-term child and parental outcomes. JCPP Advances, 3(3), Article e12196. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12196 [details]
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P., van Roekel, E., & Overbeek, G. (2023). Postmigration stress compromises refugee parents’ self-efficacy and autonomy-supportive parenting: An experience sampling study. Journal of Family Psychology, 37(3), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001059 [details]
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P., van Roekel, E., Mouton, B., Pluess, M., & Overbeek, G. (2023). Strengthening parental self-efficacy and resilience: A within-subject experimental study with refugee parents of adolescents. Child Development, 94(1), 187-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13848 [details]
- Howe, G., & Leijten, P. (2023). When is it time to revise or adapt our prevention programs? Introduction to Special Issue on using baseline target moderation to assess variation in prevention impact. Prevention Science, 24(2), 199-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01456-3 [details]
- Hutchings, J., Williams, M. E., & Leijten, P. (2023). Attachment, behavior problems and interventions. Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2, Article 1156407. https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1156407 [details]
- Kjøbli, J., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Gardner, F., Backhaus, S., Linnerund, S., & Leijten, P. (2023). Research review: Effects of parenting programs for children’s conduct problems on children’s emotional problems: a network meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64(3), 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13697 [details]
- Leijten, P. (2023). Editorial: How online treatment research can enrich child and adolescent psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 62(9), 963-964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.002 [details]
- Mo, J., van den Akker, A. L., Leijten, P., & Asscher, J. J. (2023). Parental discipline techniques and changes in observed temper tantrum severity in toddlers. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 51(4), 571-582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-01007-y [details]
- Weeland, J., Leijten, P., Orobio de Castro, B., Menting, A., Overbeek, G., Raaijmakers, M., Jongerling, J., & Matthys, W. (2023). Exploring parenting profiles to understand who benefits from the incredible years parenting program. Prevention Science, 24, 259-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01364-6 [details]
- van der Stouwe, T., Leijten, P., Zijlstra, B., Asscher, J. J., Deković, M., & van der Put, C. E. (2023). The added value of targeting specific risk factors for child maltreatment in an evidence-based home visitation program: a repeated single-case time series study. International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice, 6(1), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/S42448-022-00134-9 [details]
2022
- Awolaran, O., Olubumuyi, O., OlaOlorun, F., Assink, M., van Rooij, F., & Leijten, P. (2022). Interventions to reduce intimate partner violence against women in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 64, Article 101746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2022.101746 [details]
- Canário, A. C., Byrne, S., Creasey, N., Kodyšová, E., Kömürcü Akik, B., Lewandowska-Walter, A., Modić Stanke, K., Pećnik, N., & Leijten, P. (2022). The use of information and communication technologies in family support across Europe: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), Article 1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031488 [details]
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P., van Rooij, F., & Overbeek, G. (2022). Parenting in times of refuge: A qualitative investigation. Family Process, 61(3), 1248-1263. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12717 [details]
- Hua, N., & Leijten, P. (2022). Parenting Programs for Disruptive Child Behavior in China: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Research on Social Work Practice, 32(1), 32-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315211018509 [details]
- Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., & Gardner, F. (2022). Research Review: The most effective parenting program content for disruptive child behavior – a network meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 63(2), 132-142. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13483 [details]
- Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Eradus, M., & Overbeek, G. (2022). Specificity of parenting program component effects: Relational, behavioral, and cognitive approaches to children's conduct problems: Study preregistration. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 61(3), 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.11.004 [details]
- Mouton, B., Weeland, J., Leijten, P., & Overbeek, G. (2022). When parents wear dark glasses: An experimental study on parental negative attributions and parenting behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(12), 3468-3484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02446-3 [details]
- van de Wetering, J., Leijten, P., Spitzer, J., & Thomaes, S. (2022). Does environmental education benefit environmental outcomes in children and adolescents? A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 81, Article 101782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101782 [details]
2021
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P., Jak, S., & Overbeek, G. (2021). Parenting in times of war: A meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis of war-exposure, parenting, and child adjustment. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 22(1), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019833001 [details]
- Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., & Oliver, B. R. (2021). Parenting programs to improve sibling interactions: a meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 35(5), 703-708. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000833 [details]
- Leijten, P., Weisz, J. R., & Gardner, F. (2021). Research strategies to discern active psychological therapy components: A scoping review. Clinical Psychological Science, 9(3), 307-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702620978615 [details]
- Leijten, P., Wijngaards-de Meij, L., Weeland, J., Menting, A., Orobio de Castro, B., Overbeek, G., & Matthys, W. (2021). Parenting group composition does not impact program effects on children's conduct problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(5), 709-714. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000820 [details]
- Overbeek, G., van Aar, J., Orobio de Castro, B., Matthys, W., Weeland, J., Chhangur, R. R., & Leijten, P. (2021). Longer-term outcomes of the Incredible Years parenting intervention. Prevention Science, 22(4), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01176-6 [details]
- Parra-Cardona, R., Leijten, P., Lachman, J. M., Mejia, A., Baumann, A. A., Amador Buenabad, N. G., Cluver, L., Doubt, J., Gardner, F., Hutchings, J., Ward, C. L., Wessels, I. M., Calam, R., Chavira, V., & Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2021). Strengthening a culture of prevention in low- and middle-income countries: Balancing scientific expectations and contextual realities. Prevention Science, 22(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0935-0 [details]
- van Aar, J., Leijten, P., Overbeek, G., Thomaes, S., & Rothman, A. J. (2021). Does setting goals enhance parenting intervention effects? A field experiment. Behavior Therapy, 52(2), 418-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2020.05.004 [details]
2020
- Fischer, K., Weeland, J., Leijten, P., van den Akker, A., & Overbeek, G. (2020). Current and future perspectives on children’s genetic- and endophenotype-based differential susceptibility to parenting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(3), 773-779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01567-6 [details]
- Leijten, P., Scott, S., Landau, S., Harris, V., Mann, J., Hutchings, J., Beecham, J., & Gardner, F. (2020). Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis: Impact of Conduct Problem Severity, Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Emotional Problems, and Maternal Depression on Parenting Program Effects. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(8), 933-943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.01.023 [details]
- Mertens, E., Deković, M., Leijten, P., Van Londen, M., & Reitz, E. (2020). Components of School-Based Interventions Stimulating Students’ Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Domains: A Meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 23(4), 605-631. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-020-00328-y [details]
- Thongseiratch, T., Leijten, P., & Melendez-Torres, G. J. (2020). Online parent programs for children's behavioral problems: A meta-analytic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(11), 1555-1568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01472-0 [details]
- de Wit, M., Leijten, P., van der Put, C., Asscher, J., Bouwmeester-Landweer, M., & Deković, M. (2020). Study protocol: randomized controlled trial of manualized components in home visitation to reduce mothers' risk for child maltreatment. BMC Public Health, 20, Article 136. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8237-4 [details]
2019
- Gardner, F., Leijten, P., Harris, V., Mann, J., Hutchings, J., Beecham, J., Bonin, E.-M., Berry, V., McGilloway, S., Gaspar, M., Seabra-Santos, M. J., Orobio de Castro, B., Menting, A., Williams, M., Axberg, U., Morch, W.-T., Scott, S., & Landau, S. (2019). Equity effects of parenting interventions for child conduct problems: a pan-European individual participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 6(6), 518-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30162-2 [details]
- Gardner, F., Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Landau, S., Harris, V., Mann, J., Beecham, J., Hutchings, J., & Scott, S. (2019). The Earlier the Better? Individual Participant Data and Traditional Meta-analysis of Age Effects of Parenting Interventions. Child Development, 90(1), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13138 [details]
- Leijten, P., Gardner, F., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Weeland, J., Hutchings, J., Landau, S., McGilloway, S., Overbeek, G., van Aar, J., Menting, A., Orobio de Castro, B., Berry, V., Gaspar, M. F., Axberg, U., Mørch, W.-T., & Scott, S. (2019). Co-occurring change in children's conduct problems and maternal depression: Latent class individual participant data meta-analysis of the Incredible Years parenting program. Development and Psychopathology, 31(5), 1851-1862. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419001068 [details]
- Leijten, P., Gardner, F., Melendez-Torres, G. J., van Aar, J., Hutchings, J., Schulz, S., Knerr, W., & Overbeek, G. (2019). Meta-Analyses: Key Parenting Program Components for Disruptive Child Behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(2), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.900 [details]
- Melendez-Torres, G. J., Leijten, P., & Gardner, F. (2019). What are the Optimal Combinations of Parenting Intervention Components to Reduce Physical Child Abuse Recurrence? Reanalysis of a Systematic Review using Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Child Abuse Review, 28(3), 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2561 [details]
- Schulz, S., Leijten, P., Shaw, D. S., & Overbeek, G. (2019). Parental Reactivity to Disruptive Behavior in Toddlerhood: An Experimental Study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(5), 779-790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0489-4 [details]
- van Aar, J., Leijten, P., Orobio de Castro, B., Weeland, J., Matthys, W., Chhangur, R., & Overbeek, G. (2019). Families who benefit and families who do not: integrating person- and variable-centered analyses of parenting intervention responses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(10), 993-1003.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.004 [details]
2018
- Leijten, P., Gardner, F., Landau, S., Harris, V., Mann, J., Hutchings, J., Beecham, J., Bonin, E.-M., & Scott, S. (2018). Research review: Harnessing the power of individual participant data in a meta-analysis of the benefits and harms of the Incredible Years parenting program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(2), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12781 [details]
- Leijten, P., Gardner, F., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Knerr, W., & Overbeek, G. (2018). Parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: A multilevel meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 13(10), Article e0204929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204929 [details]
- Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Gardner, F., van Aar, J., Schulz, S., & Overbeek, G. (2018). Are Relationship Enhancement and Behavior Management "The Golden Couple” for Disruptive Child Behavior? Two Meta-analyses. Child Development, 89(6), 1970-1982. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13051 [details]
- Leijten, P., Raaijmakers, M., Wijngaards, L., Matthys, W., Menting, A., Hemink-van Putten, M., & Orobio de Castro, B. (2018). Understanding Who Benefits from Parenting Interventions for Children’s Conduct Problems: an Integrative Data Analysis. Prevention Science, 19(4), 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0864-y [details]
2017
- Gardner, F., & Leijten, P. (2017). Incredible Years parenting interventions: current effectiveness research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.023 [details]
- Leijten, P., Raaijmakers, M. A. J., Orobio de Castro, B., van den Ban, E., & Matthys, W. (2017). Effectiveness of the Incredible Years Parenting Program for Families with Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Ethnic Minority Backgrounds. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(1), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1038823 [details]
- Mejia, A., Leijten, P., Lachman, J. M., & Parra-Cardona, J. R. (2017). Different strokes for different folks? Contrasting approaches to cultural adaptation of parenting interventions. Prevention Science, 18(6), 630-639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-016-0671-2 [details]
- Vlahovicova, K., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Leijten, P., Knerr, W., & Gardner, F. (2017). Parenting programs for the prevention of child physical abuse recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 20(3), 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-017-0232-7 [details]
- van Aar, J., Leijten, P., Orobio de Castro, B., & Overbeek, G. (2017). Sustained, fade-out or sleeper effects? A systematic review and meta-analysis of parenting interventions for disruptive child behavior. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.006 [details]
2016
- Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Knerr, W., & Gardner, F. (2016). Transported Versus Homegrown Parenting Interventions for Reducing Disruptive Child Behavior: A Multilevel Meta-Regression Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(7), 610-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.003 [details]
- Leijten, P., Raaijmakers, M. A. J., Orobio de Castro, B., & Matthys, W. (2016). Ethnic differences in problem perception: Immigrant mothers in a parenting intervention to reduce disruptive child behavior. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(3), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000142 [details]
- Leijten, P., Thomaes, S., Orobio de Castro, B., Dishion, T. J., & Matthys, W. (2016). What good is labeling what's good? A field experimental investigation of parental labeled praise and child compliance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 87(December), 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.09.008 [details]
2015
- Abrahamse, M. E., Junger, M., Leijten, P. H. O., Lindeboom, R., Boer, F., & Lindauer, R. J. L. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Dutch Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) in a community sample and a multi-ethnic clinical sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 37(4), 679-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9482-1 [details]
- Leijten, P., Dishion, T. J., Thomaes, S., Raaijmakers, M. A. J., Orobio de Castro, B., & Matthys, W. (2015). Bringing parenting interventions back to the future: How randomized microtrials may benefit parenting intervention efficacy. Clinical Psychology : Science and Practice, 22(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12087 [details]
- Leijten, P., Shaw, D. S., Gardner, F., Wilson, M. N., Matthys, W., & Dishion, T. J. (2015). The family check-up and service use in high-risk families of young children: a prevention strategy with a bridge to community-based treatment. Prevention Science, 16(3), 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-014-0479-x [details]
2013
- Leijten, P., Overbeek, G., & Janssens, J. (2013). Praten met kinderen: effectief voor ouders van (pre)adolescenten? Kind en Adolescent, 34(2), 80-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-013-0008-x [details]
- Leijten, P., Raaijmaakers, M., Orobio de Castro, B., & Matthys, W. (2013). Does socioeconomic status matter? A meta-analysis on parent training effectiveness for disruptive child behavior. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42(3), 384-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.769169
2012
- Leijten, P. H. O., Overbeek, G., & Janssens, J. M. A. M. (2012). Effectiveness of a parent training program in (pre)adolescence: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 833-842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.11.009
2011
- Leijten, P. H. O., Raaijmakers, M. A. J., Orobio de Castro, B., Posthumus, J. A., & Matthys, W. (2011). Oudertraining Incredible Years effectief bij gedragsprobleem jong kind. Jeugd en Co, 5, 17-23.
2026
- Leijten, P., & van Rijn-van Gelderen, L. (2026). Parenting programmes for family wellbeing: attention must turn to access. The Lancet Public Health, 11(4), e207-e208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(26)00001-0
2025
- Wiers, R. W., Urban Mental Health Researchers, El Marroun, H., Bockting, C., & Krugers, H. (2025). Debate: Urban versus rural environments – which is better for mental health? The one good thing about a small town…. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 30(2), 189-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12771 [details]
2023
- Dekkers, T. J., Groenman, A. P., Cuijpers, P., Hoekstra, P. J., Luman, M., Orobio de Castro, B., Overbeek, G., Popma, A., Rommelse, N., Salemink, E., Stikkelbroek, Y. A. J., van den Hoofdakker, B. J., van der Oord, S., & Leijten, P. (2023). Commentary: Why treatment is the best choice for childhood mental disorders – a commentary on Roest et al. (2022). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64(3), 470-473. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13715 [details]
- Hoekstra, P. J., van den Hoofdakker, B. J., Rosenau, P. T., Dietrich, A., Leijten, P., Groenman, A. P., & Dekkers, T. J. (2023). We need better long-term intervention programs in mental health care for children and young people with chronic vulnerabilities. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(9), 1525-1527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-023-02281-x [details]
2021
- Leijten, P. (2021). Effective components of parenting programs for children’s conduct problems. In J. L. Allen, D. J. Hawes, & C. A. Essau (Eds.), Family-based intervention for child and adolescent mental health: A core competencies approach (pp. 40-52). (Cambridge medicine). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108682053.005 [details]
- Thomaes, S., & Leijten, P. (2021). Developmental psychology of praise. In E. Brummelman (Ed.), Psychological Perspectives on Praise (pp. 131-139). (Current Issues in Social Psychology). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429327667-20 [details]
2023
- van der Stouwe, T., Leijten, P., Bouwmeester-Landweer, M., & van der Put, C. (2023). Preventie van kindermishandeling: Hoe kan het beter? Kind & Adolescent Praktijk, 22(2), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12454-023-1239-5 [details]
2022
- Brüninghaus, J., van Hest, E., Leijten, P., Orobio de Castro, B., Overbeek, G., & Brummelman, E. (2022). Wie is de wetenschapper? Een lespakket om kinderen spelenderwijs kennis te laten maken met wetenschap. Pedagogische en Onderwijswetenschappen, Universiteit van Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8WBCV [details]
- Leijten, P. (2022). Ingrediënten van effectieve ouderbegeleiding bij gedragsproblemen van jonge kinderen. Jeugd in Ontwikkeling, 2. https://doi.org/10.54447/JiO.11691 [details]
2021
- Creasey, N., Lalihatu, E., Leijten, P., & Overbeek, G. (2021). Covid-19 Family Study report: April 2020 - September 2020. University of Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4423235 [details]
2019
- Remmelink, L. E., Leijten, P., & Veldboer, L. (2019). Andere ouders als bron van steun: Ervaringen met het geven en ontvangen van informele sociale steun in het opvoedingsondersteuningsprogramma Buurtgezinnen.nl. Kind en Adolescent, 40(4), 330-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-019-00214-7 [details]
2018
- Leijten, P., Menting, A., Wijngaards-de Meij, L., Raaijmakers, M., Matthys, W., & Orobio de Castro, B. (2018). Ouderinterventie voor gedragsproblemen bij kinderen: Even effectief voor verschillende gezinnen? Kind en Adolescent, 39(2), 143-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-018-0177-8 [details]
2017
- Leijten, P. (2017). [Bespreking van: F. van der Horst, N. Lucassen, R. Kok, M. Sentse, L. Jooren & M. Luijk (2016) Opgroeien in het hedendaagse gezin: Inleiding in de gezinspedagogiek]. Pedagogiek, 37(3), 275-278. https://doi.org/10.5117/PED2017.3.BOEK [details]
2016
- Leijten, P., Raaijmakers, M., Orobio de Castro, B., & Matthys, W. (2016). Incredible Years - Ouderprogramma voor gedragsproblemen bij kinderen uit laagopgeleide- en migrantengezinnen. Systeemtherapie, 28(3), 233-241. https://www.tijdschriftsysteemtherapie.nl/inhoud/tijdschrift_artikel/ST-28-3-8/Incredible-years-Ouderprogramma-voor-gedragsproblemen-bij-kinderen-uit-laagopgeleide-en-migrantengezinnen [details]
2025
- Liu, D., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Laas Sigurðardóttir, L. B., Gardner, F., Backhaus, S., & Leijten, P. H. O. (2025). Testing Children’s Differential Susceptibility to Parenting in Interventions Using Pooled Data From Seven Randomized Trials. Abstract from 22nd European Conference of Developmental Psychology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
2023
- Rienks, K., Leijten, P., Laas Sigurðardóttir, L. B., Staaks, J. P. C., & Salemink, E. (2023). Supporting Parents to Reduce Child Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Programs and their Key Components. Paper presented at European Conference on Developmental Psychology, Turku, Finland.
2019
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P. H. O., Jak, S., & Overbeek, G. J. (2019). A meta-analysis and a qualitative-synthesis of how war-exposure affects parenting and child adjustment. Poster session presented at Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) 2019, Baltimore, United States.
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P. H. O., van Rooij, F. B., & Overbeek, G. J. (2019). A qualitative investigation of the effects of war, flee, displacement and resettlement on parenting. Poster session presented at SRCD Biennial Meeting, Baltimore, United States.
2018
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P. H. O., Jak, S., & Overbeek, G. J. (2018). Coming of age in a context of adversity: Parenting in times of war: Meta-analytical Structural Equation Modeling and Qualitative-Synthesis of how war-exposure affects parenting and youth adjustment. Paper presented at 16th conference of the European Association for Research on Adolescence (EARA) 2018, Ghent, Belgium.
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P. H. O., van Rooij, F. B., & Overbeek, G. J. (2018). When survival comes first: A qualitative investigation of parenting in Syrian refugee families. Poster session presented at VNOP-CAS Research Days 2018, Utrecht, Netherlands.
2017
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P. H. O., & Overbeek, G. J. (2017). Parenting following war-exposure: A mixed-methods systematic review.. Poster session presented at ISRCAP 18th Biennial Scientific Meeting, Amsterdam.
- Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P. H. O., & Overbeek, G. J. (2017). Parenting in times of war: A mixed-methods systematic review. Paper presented at 18th European Conference on Developmental Psychology, ECDP 2017, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Leijten, P. H. O., Gardner, F., Kerr, W., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Hutchings, J., & Mikton, C. (2017). Harnessing scientific evidence to develop guidelines for policy makers and professionals about using parenting programs. Paper presented at 25th Annual Meeting of the Society for Prevention Research (SPR) 2017, Washington, District of Columbia, United States.
- Leijten, P. H. O., Gardner, F., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Knerr, W., & Overbeek, G. J. (2017). Using intervention research to understand why children comply. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development. Paper presented at Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) 2017, Austin, Texas, United States.
2016
- Leijten, P. H. O., Gardner, F., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Knerr, W., & Overbeek, G. J. (2016). Why children comply: a multilevel meta-analysis of parenting behaviors that shape child compliance. Paper presented at 7th EUSPR Conference and Members’ Meeting of the European Society for Prevention Research, Berlin, Germany.
- Leijten, P. H. O., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Knerr, W., & Gardner, F. (2016). What are the effective elements of parenting interventions for reducing disruptive child behavior?. Poster session presented at 24th Annual Meeting of the Society for Prevention Research (SPR) 2016, San Francisco, California, United States.
2015
- Gardner, F., & Leijten, P. H. O. (2015). Who benefits from parenting interventions for reducing disruptive child behavior? Pooling data across 14 RCTs in Europe. Paper presented at 17th Biennial Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ISRCAP) 2015, Portland, Oregon, United States.
- Leijten, P. H. O., Melendez-Torres, G. J., & Gardner, F. (2015). Parenting interventions going global: multi-level meta-analysis on the effectiveness of transported and ‘home grown' parenting interventions to reduce disruptive child behavior. Poster session presented at SPR: 23d Annual Meeting f the Society for Prevention Research , Washington, District of Columbia, United States.
- Leijten, P. H. O., Thomaes, S., Overbeek, G. J., Raaijmakers, M., Orobio de Castro, B., & Matthys, W. (2015). What good is labeling what's good? Field experiments on the effectiveness of labeled and unlabeled praise to improve child behavior. Poster session presented at Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development (SRCD) 2015 , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
Prize / grant
- Leijten, P. (2026). Nan Tobler Award for the Review of the Prevention Science Literature.
- Leijten, P. (2018). ZonMw GGz Fellowship.
- Leijten, P. (2015). Jacobs Foundation Marbach Residency Program.
- Leijten, P. (2015). ZonMw (NWO) parel.
- Leijten, P. (2015). Wolfson College, University of Oxford, Junior Research Fellowship.
- Leijten, P. H. O. (2014). Society for Prevention Research / Early Career Preventionist Network Travel Award.
- Leijten, P. (2013). Jacobs Foundation preconference workshop and travel grant.
- Leijten, P. (2012). Fulbright Scholarship.
- Leijten, P. (2012). Kind en Adolescent reisbeurs (declined).
- Leijten, P. (2012). Occasional Lecturer Fund Award, Council for International Exchange of Scholars.
2023
2021
2014
- Leijten, P. H. O. (2014). Toward improved parenting interventions for disruptive child behavior: Reaching disadvantaged families and searching for effective elements. [Thesis, fully external, Universiteit Utrecht].
2022
- Leijten, P. H. O., Overbeek, G. J. & Janssens, J. (27-1-2022). RCT PMK Nijmegen 2010. Universiteit van Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.21942/uva.18857426.v1
2021
- Leijten, P. H. O., Gardner, F., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Knerr, W. & Overbeek, G. (16-12-2021). Data on parenting behaviors that shape child compliance, from Leijten, Gardner, Melendez-Torres, Knerr, & Overbeek (2018; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204929). Universiteit van Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.21942/uva.17161991.v1
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Ancillary activities
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ZonMw
Commissielid Wat Werkt Voor De Jeugd -
RINO Groep
Docent specialistische opleiding tot klinisch psycholoog
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ZonMw
Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Backhaus, S., Gardner, F., Groenman, A. P., Dekkers, T. J., van den Hoofdakker, B. J., Laas Sigurðardóttir, L. B., Liu, D., Luman, M., Mansur, L., Nieterau, M., van der Oord, S., Overbeek, G., Psyllou, C., Rienks, K., Schulz, S., & Weisz, J. R. (2026). Have parenting programs for disruptive child behavior become less effective? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 67(1), 127-137.